UNDERSTANDING INCOTERMS 2010- FOB (Free On Board)

FOB (Free On Board)

The FOB Incoterms ensure that the sellers load themselves the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer. Cost and risk are divided when the goods are actually on board of the vessel (this rule is new!). The seller must clear the goods for export. The term is applicable for maritime and inland waterway transport only but NOT for multimodal sea transport in containers (see Incoterms 2010, ICC publication 715). The buyer must instruct the seller the details of the vessel and the port where the goods are to be loaded, and there is no reference to, or provision for, the use of a carrier or forwarder. This term has been greatly misused over the last three decades ever since Incoterms 1980 explained that FCA should be used for container shipments.  

UNDERSTANDING INCOTERMS 2010- FAS (Free Alongside Ship)

FAS (Free Alongside Ship)

Under this this Incoterms, the seller must place the goods alongside the ship at the named port. The seller must clear the goods for export. Suitable only for maritime transport but NOT for multimodal sea transport in containers (see Incoterms 2010, ICC publication 715). This term is typically used for heavy-lift or bulk cargo.

UNDERSTANDING INCOTERMS 2010- FCA (Free Carrier)

FCA (Free Carrier)

Using FCA Incoterm simply means that the seller's obligation is to hand over the goods, cleared for export, into the charge of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place or point. If no precise point is indicated by the buyer, the seller may choose within the place or range stipulated where the carrier shall take the goods into his charge. When the seller's assistance is required in making the contract with the carrier the seller may act at the buyers risk and expense. This term can be used across all modes of transport.

UNDERSTANDING INCOTERMS 2010- EXW (Ex Works)

EXW (Ex Works)

Accepting EXW means that the buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the seller's premises to the desired destination. The seller's obligation is to make the goods available at his premises (works, factory, and warehouse). This term represents minimum obligation for the seller. This term can be used across all modes of transport.

UNDERSTANDING INCOTERMS 2010-Introduction

What are Incoterms®?

The term, Incoterms®, is an abbreviation for International Commercial Terms. They are a set of rules which define the responsibilities of sellers and buyers for the delivery of goods under sales contracts for domestic and international trade. They are published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and are widely used in international commercial transactions. The first Incoterms® were issued in 1936. The most recent version of Incoterms®, Incoterms® 2010, were launched in September 2010 and became effective January 1, 2011.

What are Incoterms® used for?

Incoterms® provide a common set of rules to clarify responsibilities of sellers and buyers for the delivery of goods under sales contracts. They apportion transportation costs and responsibilities associated with the delivery of goods between buyers (importers) and sellers (exporters) and reflect modern-day transportation practices. Incoterms® significantly reduce misunderstandings among traders and thereby minimize trade disputes and litigation.

Why were the Incoterms® 2000 revised?

Incoterms® 2010 are the updated version of Incoterms®. Incoterms® 2010 have been developed as a result of an extensive review of current shipping practices and trends in an effort to keep up with the rapid expansion of world trade. The key drivers for this update include: a need for improved cargo security, changes to the Uniform Commercial Code in 2004 that resulted in a deletion of U.S. shipment and delivery terms, and new trends in global transportation.

What are the Incoterms® 2010?

The two main categories of Incoterms® 2010 are now organized by modes of transport. Used in international as well as in domestic contracts for the first time, the new groups aim to simplify the drafting of contracts and help avoid misunderstandings by clearly stipulating the obligations of buyers and sellers.

Group 1. Incoterms® that apply to any mode of transport are:

• ·         EXW Ex Works
• ·         FCA Free Carrier
• ·         CPT Carriage Paid To
• ·         CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To
• ·         DAT Delivered at Terminal
• ·         DAP Delivered at Place
• ·         DDP Delivered Duty Paid

Group 2. Incoterms® that apply to sea and inland waterway transport only:

• ·         FAS Free Alongside Ship
• ·         FOB Free on Board
• ·         CFR Cost and Freight
• ·         CIF Cost, Insurance, and Freight

Waste/Scrap Plastic Bottles Urgetly Needed...

There is a serious demand for over 1,500MT of Scrap Plastic Bottles by different exporters in Lagos at a very competitive price per MT. We are ready to buy any type of Plastic Bottle with cap and wrapper, it could also be coloured or transparent but It MUST NOT have Water inside. The picture above explains what we want in details and the terms and conditions are as follows:

Quantity:                       100-200MT per week

Price range :                  NGN12,000-15,000/MT delivered to Lagos.

Payment terms:             100% Payment in 3 days after delivery

Payment Instrument:     Bank Draft, Bank Guarantee

Specifications: 

• No water
• No Sand
• Could have cap and Wrapper
• Must be compressed and bales
• Each Bale is to weigh 30-50Kg

Commodity producing Countries Need to Benefit from Value added Exports

Commodity producing Countries Need to Benefit from Value added Exports
Experts at a United Nations-backed forum have stressed that low-income countries need help to enable them to benefit from the added value derived from the agricultural produce and natural resources that are the mainstays of many of their economies.

The suggestion was made by speakers at the third Global Commodities Forum, hosted by the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), which took place Monday in Geneva, Switzerland, according to a UN release.

They said that despite a decade’s worth of rising commodity prices, the so-called commodity dependent developing countries (CDDCs) have been unable to benefit from the higher prices, diversify their economies and raise living standards.

The theme of the two-day forum in Geneva was ‘Harnessing development gains from commodities production and trade.’

“There has been ongoing debate on diversification for CDDCs. From 2002 to 2010, the number of CDDCs increased from 85 to 91,” said the UNCTAD Secretary-General, Supachai Panitchpakdi, in his address to the forum.

“While we have been trying to find ways to advise countries to be less commodity-dependent, CDDCs have actually become more heavily dependent on commodities exports, and the number of countries that are dependent has increased,” he said.

There is need to use the benefits that come from higher prices for “long-term development purposes,” Panitchpakdi said. Royalties and wages earned by developing countries from commodities frequently are only a small portion of the final sales prices of the finished goods made from them. The bulk of the profits accrue overseas, he added.

Mr. Supachai said the mining of natural resources in developing countries, for example, often results in “enclave economies” that do not generate broad economic “spill over” benefits for the producer nations.
 

Ways should be found “to spawn wider economic activities” coming from mining, he said, so that more of the upgrading of these natural resources occurs domestically, creating jobs with higher wages.

Vice President of the UNCTAD Trade and Development Board, Ibrahim Al-Adoofi, told the meeting that the forum is part of broad efforts to prepare the way for the UNCTAD XIII quadrennial conference to be held in Doha from 21 to 26 April.

“New developments in the global economy have exposed the limitations in our current development model,” said Mr. Al-Adoofi. “It is necessary to steer commodities development efforts in new directions,” he added.

http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/commodity-producing-countries-need-to-benefit-from-value-added-exports/107903/

NEXIM Bank Seeks Approval For N30bn Export Budget

NEXIM Bank Seeks Approval For N30bn Export Budget 
The Nigerian Export Import Bank said on Monday that it would support exporters with a budget of N30bn this year to boost export activities.

The Managing Director of NEXIM, Mr. Roberts Orya, who appeared before the House of Representatives c

Committee on Banking and Currency to defend its 2012 budget proposals, said that exporters in agriculture, solid minerals and manufacturing sectors would benefit from the N30bn.

However, he complained that NEXIM was facing challenges in recovering some old debts dating back to between 10 and 15 years.

Orya told the committee that while NEXIM had planned to recover about N1.9bn debts in 2011, it was able to recover only N418m.

He explained that the challenge in recovering some of the funds had to do with the inability of the bank to “trace the people behind them.”

Orya added, “Low recovery of debt has been the major challenge of NEXIM.

“We hope that this year we should be able to do much more better.

“Even at that in 2012 we are planning to recover N1.3bn and as soon as we are able to recover that, it will go into our loss and profit account,” he added.

Some members of the House urged NEXIM to work harder by justifying the reason the Federal Government set up the bank.

The chairman of the committee, Mr. Chukwu Onyereri, called on the bank to step up its loan recovery efforts.

On revenue generation, Orya said that the bank projected N3.08bn for this year, including the N1.3bn anticipated debt to be recovered.

He also stated that one of the bank’s major stakeholders, the Ministry of Finance Incorporated, would fully pay its share capital this year.
http://www.punchng.com/business/money/nexim-bank-seeks-approval-for-n30bn-export-budget/

New Policy To Boost Trade Potential Underway — Aganga

New Policy To Boost Trade Potential Underway — Aganga
The Federal Government is currently working on a new trade policy that will optimally harness Nigeria’s trade potential for job creation , wealth generation and economic transformation.

The Minister of Trade and Investment, Mr. Olusegun Aganga, stated this during a meeting with the National Association of Nigerian Traders, in Abuja.

Those that attended the meeting with Aganga are the Minister of State for Trade and Investment, Dr. Sam Ortom; Permanent Secretary of the ministry, Mr. Dauda Kigbu; and top executives of NANTS led by its President, Mr. Ken Ukaoha.

Aganga noted that the committee, which was set up by the ministry to review the country’s existing trade policies, would soon complete its assignment.

The minister added that the Federal Government was committed to providing an enabling environment to boost trade and investment across all sectors of the Nigerian economy.

He said, “The Federal Government is ready to come up with policies that will facilitate trade and investment across all sectors of the Nigerian economy.

“We are responsible for trade, industry and enterprise. Already, we have set up a committee to look at the country’s existing trade policies. The committee is still working on the policies and has asked for extension of time.”

He also said, “I am optimistic that the committee will soon submit a creative, comprehensive, practicable and thought-provoking report that will remove all bottlenecks inhibiting the full actualisation of Nigeria’s trade potential.

“Our objective is to ensure that Nigeria has an all-inclusive trade policy that covers all sectors of the economy, including export of crude oil. We need to have a robust policy that will determine how and where we export our crude oil.”

Speaking on the ministry’s strategy for growing the nation’s industrial sector, Aganga stated that it would concentrate on areas where the country had comparative and competitive advantage, adding that the Federal Government was committed to partnering the Organised Private Sector to increase the productivity of local industries.

Speaking during the meeting, the NANTS President, Ukaoha, said that there was an urgent need to review and harmonise Nigeria’s trade policies to enable the country to maximise its abundant human natural resources for rapid economic transformation.

He said, “There is an urgent need to review and harmonise all existing trade policies, treaties and agreements between Nigeria and other countries. What we have discovered is that in the past, some people will just go abroad and sign different types of trade agreements on behalf of the Federal Government without recourse to the economic implications of such agreements to the Nigerian economy.”
http://www.punchng.com/business/new-policy-to-boost-trade-potential-underway-aganga/

Oil discovery hinders Africa’s growth

Oil Discovery Hinders Africa’s Growth.
The Guest Speaker, at a National Lecture: “Nigeria in Transformation,” Mr. Richard Dowden, has described the discovery of oil in Nigeria as a “curse” rather as a blessing a to Nigeria.
Dowden, who is currently the Director of Africa Royal Society (ARS), identified “unfairness in the system of resource allocation” as reason for fierce competition.

He also listed corruption, poor reputation and flight of human capital as other factors that have worked against the country’s economic prosperity.

“But the fifth and main problem that Nigeria faces is politics, often, Nigeria and much of Africa has followed the wrong economic policies for political reasons. Adding “this has accounted for the over one hundred million Nigerians living in poverty- which is a quarter of the total poverty in sub Sahara Africa.”
According to him, “after oil and corruption which are closely linked, I would say that Nigeria’s reputation in the past still puts off investors and tourists”.

“What I see here is that perceived or real unfairness in the system of resource allocation has led to fierce competition for success- or just survival. I would say that the competitive, creative spirit this creates is far more powerful than in any other country in the world,” he said.
Dowden noted that Nigeria at Independence had a trade surplus with the UK and substantial reserve, saying that, “in the 1970 oil was only 60 percent of export. By 1982 it was 99 percent of export and almost the same proportion of fiscal revenue. Almost all other exports like Cocoa, rubber, cotton and ground nuts have been wiped out.”

He noted that between 1970 and 2001 per capita income fell from $264 to $256 in constant Dollar rate. And By 2000 Nigeria became an oil rich deeply indebted country and experience of the vast majority of Nigerians became poorer and concluded that oil is a curse to the country.”

While comparing Nigeria with other countries like Indonesia who shared similar socio economic and political experience, Dowden described as unacceptable, a situation where Nigerian politicians are the highest paid in the world with $1Million Dollars as salary with another $1Million in expenses while the country accounts for over 10 percent of Maternal and child mortality rate as well as 10 percent of the world Children who are out of school.
He warned that if the up coming generation of Nigerians are unable to fulfill their potential, the country stand the risks of experiencing mass revolt.

He therefore called on government to build strong institutions that would ensure consistency and continuity in governance.

http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2011/sept/28/national-28-09-2011-007.html